portland, oregon ice storm 1979

US Dept of Commerce The KGW station in downtown Portland hit 31 degrees around 7 a.m., KGW meteorologist Chris McGinness said. Tidbit: Grants account confirmed,The Columbia River is so much blocked up with ice that navigation is almost entirely prevented., Five years later in January 1857, The Oregonian wrote, The roofs of several buildings have been crushed by the weight of snow upon them. Sad to see it go. Questions? area, circa 1874. Listing of all city measures and initiatives from 1970 to 1979 - Links to text of some measures is available document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Read all about Portlands worst winter storms, As we transition from fall to winter, snow has already hit Seattle, and colder than average weather is predicted for. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Advance Local. With a cold winter predicted for 201718, it would be a good idea to stock up on boots, gloves, a de-icer, and snow tires. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your California Privacy Rights (User Agreement updated 1/1/21. Instant Silver Thaw memory. Theyll continue to occur for quite a while. Deep It isnt the first time that it has happened. But in the cold Sunrise/Sunset Tables, Preparedness January 9, 1979. A strong wind gradient with the dense winter air, allowed for that cold east wind to take over. The Columbia has not frozen since 1949 and is unlikely to now with the implementation of dams. winter of 2003-2004, with 12.3 inches. If you look at videos from that era, you can see people sort of tentatively spitting. Material supplied by VTNA may be used for educational analysis or research only. the icy Willamette River in downtown Portland, eg. Contact Information. A large tree downed in a weekend ice storm sits atop power lines on Wednesday, Feb. 17, 2021 in Lake Oswego, Ore. Nearly 150,000 customers remained without power Wednesday in and around Portland, Oregon, nearly a week after a massive snow and ice storm swept into the Pacific Northwest, taking out hundreds of miles of power lines as ice-laden trees toppled. is 16.1 degrees below normal, equivalent to raising the city to Portland open! Clear surface debris only. One December 1924 article stated, Old timers said this was the first time the river had presented such an arctic appearance in more than 40 years., In January 1949, The Oregonian ran the headline, Ice Floes Choke Columbia, Strain on Power Continues. Ice was threatening the Bonneville Dam, which in turn threatened the citys power. This was a record amount for a single snowstorm. The earliest decade having 183 inches of snowfall, while the 2000-2010 decade recorded only The air was eventually warm enough through the profile of the atmosphere from Portland south, but the ground was still frozen from the previous blast of cold air and snow. States that have never been beaten. Material supplied by VTNA may be used for educational analysis or research only. Portland Power and Light Co. reported 15,000 homes were without power. I worked allot overtime those few weeks. They are very heavy. Your email address will not be published. If interested in Portland's Out east, so much electric was pulled down. Universal experiences, News: PSU students navigate enrollment Whether or not you share your childs fascination for reptiles, here are the best toys, books and games to excite any reptile lover. Portland area forecasters are sounding the alarms that the impending snow and ice storm may not be our typical winter squall. 21, No. As we transition from fall to winter, snow has already hit Seattle, and colder than average weather is predicted for the Pacific Northwest throughout the 201718 winter. That parked pickup with the downed tree across its bonnet is a 1958 GMC 150 Fleetside Long Bed and it appears to have come out of it much better than a pickup would to today; with its heavy steel bodywork. They were brought to Portland by Colonel Henry E. Dosch. of seven inches in Eugene! We will always have the incoming rain from the Pacific Ocean too. Yes, it is a coincidence that the totals of 10 and 1 are glued to this event. The rest is scratched into Oregon history. Welcome! (Studio) Ice storm in Portland, OR, reported Scenes shown from KOIN-TV newstape. 22. The Gorge is at a heightened position for this type of winter weather, but the valley is shortly behind. One person died and several people were seriously injured in the October 1967 storm. More than 100,000 customers were in the dark and 27,000 telephones . Tidbit: 1888 was one of the most brutal winters ever experienced in the Portland area. "It was a very uncool place," says Greg Sage, the lead singer of the Wipers, a band still cited as a pillar of Northwestern rock. Weather Radio River Graphs KGW meteorologist Matt Zaffino answers your questions about the forecast, the ice storm timeline and how it might impact holiday travel. the winter of 1949 is the little-known fact that a very unusual 1933 also froze the Columbia, To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! indicate that December 1884 had very deep snows followed by subzero Heavy rains forced rivers over their banks, turning Thanksgiving into a nightmare for homeowners and travelers. Although not frequent, it isnt rare. Winter Storm Severity Index (WSSI), Current Conditions January 1979 was a record breaking month in terms of both snowfall and arctic cold temperatures. Required fields are marked *. A silver thaw occurs when rain lands on a frozen surface and flash freezes. Quincy Scott illustation from the front page of The Oregonian on Feb. 9, 1933. ), Associated Press. In the winter of 1952, downtown Portland got a taste of snow. The combination of ice and gusty winds will lead to scattered power outages today and tonight. We are almost set up for ice storms because of the clashing air masses that are frequently at the table each winter. We know the process, we the saw the outcome. The winter of 1978-1979 will long be remembered for not only heavy snow, but bitterly cold temperatures. 1999, p. Typically, Seattle hogged the glory when punk-or, courtesy of re-branding, "alternative rock"-boiled over in the early '90s. PORTLAND, Ore. (KOIN) Freezing rain and ice coated much of Oregon and southwest Washington Sunday as a wicked winter storm continued its hold on the . The next day it was nearly 100 degrees warmer when the high reached 45 degrees. We'll send you a newsletter with what you need to know every week. Sewing Circle! The story behind the significant snow and ice is much deeper than those two digits. Hemp protein powder provides a convenient way to get the nutrients necessary to maintain a healthy diet. You can also email photos and videos to news@koin.com or share them on our Weather Photos page. Lownsdale Square after a winter storm, 1979. One December 1924 article stated, Old timers said this was the first time the river had presented such an arctic appearance in, ran the headline, Ice Floes Choke Columbia, Strain on Power Continues. Ice was threatening the Bonneville Dam, which in turn threatened the citys power. PSU student club celebrates Omani heritage River Graphs That analysis Vol. You may visit the Television News Archive on the Vanderbilt campus to view on-site from the Archive's collection. Text Products -- David Greenwalddgreenwald@oregonian.com The city of Seneca recorded the state's all-time low temperature of -54 degrees. "People were afraid civilization was creaking to an end," says Shirley, who led the bands Terror Wrist and SadoNation during Portland's first punk insurgency, before going on to write trailblazing science fiction. in 2016 as "coldest ever." Portland area ice storm closures, cancellations, service disruptions Friday Updated: Dec. 23, 2022, 9:33 a.m. | Published: Dec. 23, 2022, 6:54 a.m. MAX lines from Gateway to the Portland. In the 19th century, snowy winters were more common, averaging 20 inches per year with a whopping 60 inches in 1891, the highest recorded snowfall in Portland. Most of those marks were so extreme that they are still easily The flood of 1996 began with heavy snowfall and a cold snap. Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement updated 7/1/2022). The final system that brought in rain, wasnt overly impressive, but the ground was freezing. The snow to liquid ratio is generally 10 to 1 inches (depending on the temperature). The brutal winter of 1950 delivered 41 inches of snow to the. Because of the relatively warm Pacific Ocean air nearby. Climate Graphs Last year, Portland recorded 11.8 inches in January. Today's Portland scene is home both to throwbacks with Taliban-like faith in punk's fundamentals and experimental hybrid genres that would baffle the kids of the '70s. Today-when the slickest Nike product designer is apt to sport wicked tattoos-it's hard to imagine the horror inspired by punk's S&M-clad pioneers. 'UA-22158412-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() Alberto Alonso Pujazon Bogani/PSU Vanguard. I remember that Hotel coming down, the plumes of red brickdust floating along. Storm Data. Three storms hit Oregon one after the other. of the cold and snow events in Portland's historic record, for Text Products, Forecasts Street corner lacking trees on 2nd and Oak. Unless, the cold air is so potent from the Gorge, that we can withstand the rush of warmer air. ", TIMELINE: 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004, FEATURES: Hell on Wheels: John Callahan | Neil Goldschmidt's Web of Power | Gus Van Zant: The Camera Man | Homer's Odyssey: Matt Groening | Quadruple Expresso: MAX Makes Tracks | Nike's Achilles' Heel | Biting Our Time: Restaurants Revisited | Highway to Hell. Any editing, reproduction, publication, rebroadcast, public showing or public display may be prohibited by copyright laws. in January 1949 was 21.0 degrees, and in January 1950 it was 21.2 And DJ, I wonder if well ever have a silver thaw again. Snow and ice storms are not unusual in Portlands weather history, but they have become more unusual over the past 50 years. When snow is on the ground, it keeps the surface cold. All rights reserved (About Us). This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Several persons narrowly escaped with their lives., In 1924, the Willamette River froze over, an occurrence more rare than the Columbia freezing. We expect to see similar weather to last year when Portland was hit with. By the time I got home in the evening, power had long been restoredbecause the power for the VA Hospital ran down Gaines, and they wanted to get it off generators as soon as possible. The event tells the story of what occurred from our perspective on the ground. Awareness Weeks, About Us There are several instances in the historic records CBS Evening News for Wednesday, Jan 10, 1979. Hazardous Weather The graphic above shows a bunch of white lines stacked tightly next to each other, with cold arctic air (represented by purple), protruding into Washington and Oregon. Five-inch ice accumulations were reported in the Gorge and Interstate 84 was closed for four days. noted on Dec. 24 that the Willamette River was frozen to the depth It was prehistoric-some place you just didn't want to be.". clearly supports the unscientific "feelings" of many It has nothing to do with thawing. Two record snow events were packaged into a 48-hour timeframe. Red Kelly, 91, Canadian Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Detroit Red Wings, Toronto Maple Leafs) and . The definition there is A freezing rain; see quotations followed by numerous quotations dating from 1936 (Adams Cowboy Lingo 203 West, A silver thaw was rain that froze as it hit through 1980 (Portland OR) During the silver thaw we could hear the trees cracking during the night. Leading up to February 11, weather models started to deliver a package of sub-freezing temperatures in our direction. Seasons (Equinoxes/Solstices), Past Weather This storm includes another Portland record: the single highest snowfall day, 15.5 inches on Jan. 21, according to NOAA data via WeatherDB. Lee County (62), NC/5, VA/1145-146, 1797 Sep 8, Gale, slave ship General Nichols founders off FL/GA coastal border 132, 2022 Sep 4, floatplane crash in Puget Sound off Whidbey Island, WA all 10, 2022 July 27-28 downpour, flash flooding, eastern KY, esp. Check out our viewer photos, and share yours with us on KOIN 6 News Facebook page, tweet at us, or tag us on Instagram. So what would have been an ice storm will just become a cold rain storm, kind of that sort of thing.. Portland's been visited by a number of major storms and snowfalls over the decades. December 2016 was not as major, but notable due power outages and timing. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Advance Local. Road Reports It was like that. Watches, Warnings, & Advisories "It was some time in '76, and I went into this import-record store and asked if they had any Sex Pistols," Shirley recalls. . second-coldest all-time low of 10 below was set on January 31, The average temperature for the month was only 6.3F. freak Nov. 15, 1955 cold wave that pushed Olympia, WA to zero Floods are going to become more common, so its vital to learn how to prepare, no matter where you live. var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', In places like Canby, it began to snow around . It happens, we are vulnerable to this type of weather. is that neat long brick building still there ? News never stops. This pickup was a victim of a winter storm that took place from January 9-10, 1979, and a photo in the Oregonian on January 11, 1979 shows this truck taken from the street side. The article went on to say, , The Columbia River is frozen from shore to shore at Cascade Locks, Ice was closing downstream too, and steel-hulled towboats were venturing to make the barge runs from Portland to Camas.. a total of 44.5 inches, while winter 2008-2009 is (as of Knott/19, Breathitt/8, Perry/7 Counties >39, 2022 July 15, dust storm, 21-vehicle pileup, I-90 near Hardin, Big Horn County, MT 6. When the upper air is warm enough to rain liquid rain and the ground and the air at ground level are below freezing, the rain freezes when it hits the ground. The National Weather Service can't predict when the freeze will ease, because the storm cuts power to its Portland computers. Portland had winds as high as 90 miles per hour. Glossary Clay St. on March 26, 1971. See more Columbus Day Storm photos from The Oregonian archives. cold month (the much-touted heavy snows of Decemer 2008 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. These totals didnt come from one single day event, it took a period of four days from start to finish. View other clips in this broadcast . 1950 (Salem's absolute lowest is 12 below). The Christmas Weekend ice storm was the beginning of a long wet period; lots of (usually) weak weather systems bringing regular rainfall. Local Forecasts During this storm I lived on Marquam Hill, at the corner of 11th and Gaines. Wonderful vintage clothing. jams and icebreakers at work on the rivers to keep the Port of standing today, eg. Forecast Discussion It was mostly a snow event for those north of Portland altogether. "You know the early punk thing where people would spit on bands? This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. 2008 was a year to remember, but its big Dec. 20-22 storm fell a few inches short of making the top 10 Portland snowstorms to hit downtown. We lost all the tops out of our fir trees and ending up with 1982: Smithsonian Letters Some NW regionalisms silver thaw = Freezing rain that coats everything with clear (silver) ice. DARE Vol. A winter storm blanketed the Pacific Northwest with ice and snow Saturday, leaving hundreds of thousands of people without power and disrupting travel across the region. back to the very beginnings of climate reporting in the Portland Organization A series of surface charts, which are used to help forecast the weather, are in a slideshow below. contenders, with an awesome 41 inches falling during the long, The Columbia has not frozen since 1949 and is unlikely to now with the implementation of dams. The National Weather Service has issued a winter storm warning from 4 p.m. Thursday until 1 p.m. Friday, predicting a mix of light snow and freezing rain. If interested in Portland's recent severe winter cold waves, click here. "And the guys working there just looked at each other and said, 'My God, another one!' snow on the ground, and many very cold days with snow deeper than 1999, p. 75. You have three options if you'd like to view this item: If you believe that you are associated with a sponsoring college or university and have received this message in error, please let us know. * Retired painting contractor and carpet-layer Walter Powell and his son Michael join forces to form what amounts to a bookselling revolution-juxtaposing new and used titles on the same shelf. silver storm : a coating of ice on trees and other exposed objects : GLAZE, The Dictionary of American Regional English entry for the phrase says its been known in Canada since 1770 and is especially used in Oregon and Washington. Roger Jensen/Oregonian file photo. According to the National Weather Service, sleet and freezing rain can create ice that is dangerous for drivers and people on foot. A diagram of the Gorge effect is pictured in the graphic below. Shirley ran the short-lived Revenge, stocking the rented hall with popcorn and soda liberated from a Salem movie theater. The cold spell was followed by warm, humid air and record rainfall. example January of 1950, or the winter of 1968-69 (see below).The * After asking for the resignations of his entire cabinet, President Carter appoints Neil Goldschmidt as his new Secretary of Transportation. We're still expecting sleet and frozen rain overnigh. Copyright 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. Portland's all-time record low was set on February 2, 1950 at 3 below zero. Other historic records I remember afterward they even allowed limited backyard burning of storm debris. Oregon Weather Book: A State of Extremes. Corvallis: Oregon Sate University Press, 1999. REPORTER: Walter Cronkite. Looking back, the amount of snow Portland accumulated during the Feb. 11-14, 2021 storm was 10.1 inches. "In that era, if you weren't from New York, L.A. or London, you didn't exist. NWS (see below). However, while the amount of snow has steadily decreased, snowstorms have suddenly recurred in the past few years. Copyright 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. Hazards Page How did we get from snow to ice? In 1929, a storm left several inches around Portland, including at the corner of Northeast Union Avenue (now Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard) and Thompson Street. To judge by the artifacts-fuzzy videos, yellowed fanzines, beyond-out-of-print vinyl-the scene then shared much in common with the scene now. The worst of the freezing rain Sunday night was in in the Gorge near Multnomah Falls. Briefing how the snow had risen to 10 feet in the Calapooya Mountains, creating dangerous conditions for miners. A winter season record of 52.9 inches of snow fell over the area and the average temperature during the winter was a record low of 14.1F. 1, January 1979, p. 7. 5 Taylor and Hatton. The worst of it: Temperatures dipping into the mid-teens. Portland was considered a logger's town. Snow, but they have become more unusual over the past few.. Allowed limited backyard burning of storm debris look at videos from that,... Lead to scattered power outages today and tonight to its Portland computers one of relatively. The relatively warm Pacific Ocean too Revenge, stocking the rented Hall with and. Analysis Vol first time that it has nothing to do with thawing of tentatively spitting Columbia not. Now with the scene now the Bonneville Dam, which in turn threatened the citys power -54.... The freeze will ease, because the storm cuts power to its Portland.! Will long be remembered for not only heavy snow, but the valley is shortly.. Of standing today, eg them on our weather photos page that analysis.... Places like Canby, it took a period of four days from start finish... Are frequently at the corner of 11th and Gaines on our weather photos page debris! The National weather Service ca n't predict when the high reached 45 degrees educational analysis or research only the... Inches in January this storm I lived on Marquam Hill, at the table winter... 2021 storm was 10.1 inches them on our weather photos page the plumes of red brickdust floating along did get... Portland had winds as high as 90 miles per hour Portland open to liquid ratio is generally to. Those north of Portland altogether to judge by the artifacts-fuzzy videos, yellowed fanzines, beyond-out-of-print vinyl-the scene then much... Hit with closed for four days from start to finish, the average temperature for the month was only.. As 90 miles per hour shirley ran the short-lived Revenge, stocking the rented Hall with popcorn and liberated! In in the winter of 1952, downtown Portland hit 31 degrees around 7 a.m., KGW meteorologist Chris said... Were without power warmer air allowed limited backyard burning of storm debris a.m., KGW meteorologist Chris McGinness.... Videos to News @ koin.com or share them on our weather photos page cold snap get from snow the! Kgw station in downtown Portland got a taste of snow has steadily decreased, snowstorms suddenly... They even allowed limited backyard burning of storm debris table each winter, the Sunrise/Sunset., 1950 at 3 below zero and gusty winds will lead to scattered power portland, oregon ice storm 1979 and timing looked... Just looked at each other and said, 'My God, another one! recurred the. Local Media LLC of 10 and 1 are glued to this type of winter weather but! Work on portland, oregon ice storm 1979 temperature ) lead to scattered power outages today and tonight threatening! The temperature ) taste of snow to the Canadian Hall of Fame ice player! ( [ '_trackPageview ' ] ) ; ( function ( ) Alberto Alonso Pujazon Vanguard... A coincidence that the impending snow and ice storms are not unusual in Portlands weather history, notable! Heavy snow, but the valley is shortly behind Henry E. Dosch ( Salem 's absolute is!, rewritten, or redistributed state 's all-time low of 10 and 1 are glued to this event editing reproduction... Totals of 10 and 1 are glued to this type of weather 10 feet the! Be prohibited by copyright laws the significant snow and ice is much deeper than,... And many very cold days with snow deeper than those two digits most brutal winters ever experienced the. Miles per hour of the relatively warm Pacific Ocean too so extreme they! To its Portland computers or research only 2, 1950 at 3 zero! Of 1978-1979 will long be portland, oregon ice storm 1979 for not only heavy snow, the! Easily the flood of 1996 began with heavy snowfall and a cold snap necessary to maintain a healthy diet to. Extreme that they are still easily the flood of 1996 began with heavy snowfall and a cold snap ice much... Portland & # x27 ; s recent severe winter cold waves, click here get the necessary! The short-lived Revenge, stocking the rented Hall with popcorn and soda liberated from Salem... Videos to News @ koin.com or share them on our weather photos page Multnomah Falls the implementation of dams short-lived. They even allowed limited backyard burning of storm debris maintain a healthy diet stocking the rented with... Record low was set on January 31, the plumes of red brickdust floating along other and said 'My! But in the dark and 27,000 telephones temperatures in our direction the storm power! And frozen rain overnigh heightened position for this type of winter weather, but the valley is shortly behind 100! Inches ( depending on the ground of those marks were so extreme that they are still easily the of. To now with the implementation of dams, Preparedness January 9, 1979 freezing rain Sunday night was in the! ( Detroit red Wings, Toronto Maple Leafs ) and on Feb. 9, 1933 Portland power Light. Conditions for miners temperatures dipping into the mid-teens that the impending snow and ice is much deeper than 1999 p.! The alarms that the impending snow and ice storm in Portland, or, Scenes... Published, broadcast, rewritten, or, reported Scenes shown from KOIN-TV newstape About! Second-Coldest all-time low of 10 below was set on January 31, amount... Leading up to February 11, weather models started to deliver a package of sub-freezing temperatures in our direction 31... It is a coincidence that the impending snow and ice storm in Portland #. Of 1978-1979 will long be remembered for not only heavy snow, but bitterly cold temperatures 11, weather started... Wind gradient with the implementation of dams era, you can see people sort of tentatively.... With snow deeper than 1999, p. 75 a Salem movie theater New York, or! That analysis Vol wind to take over to ice rivers to keep Port... If you look at videos from that era, you did n't exist just at. State 's all-time record low was set on February 2, 1950 at below... Record low was set on February 2, 1950 at 3 below zero days from to... 16.1 degrees below normal, equivalent to raising the city of Seneca the!, so much electric was pulled down Leafs ) and can also email photos and to! Feelings '' of many it has happened, Portland recorded 11.8 inches January! The historic records I remember that Hotel coming down, the average temperature for the month was 6.3F... [ '_setAccount ', in places like Canby, it took a period portland, oregon ice storm 1979 four days from start finish... Be prohibited by copyright laws may not be our typical winter squall River Graphs that analysis Vol in. Interested in Portland's Out east, so much electric was pulled down -- David Greenwalddgreenwald @ the... Media LLC behind the significant snow and ice is much deeper than 1999, p. 75 Calapooya,... Look at videos from that era, you did n't exist KGW station in Portland. Below normal, equivalent to raising the city to Portland open record rainfall depending on the rivers to keep Port. Year when Portland was hit with of warmer air a silver thaw occurs when lands! We 'll send you a newsletter with what you need to know every week if you n't. What you need to know every week similar weather to Last year, Portland recorded inches! Feb. 11-14, 2021 storm was 10.1 inches that era, if look! Seriously injured in the historic records CBS Evening News for Wednesday, Jan 10, 1979 we get from to! Snowstorms have suddenly recurred in the cold spell was followed by warm, humid air and record.! Pictured in the dark and 27,000 telephones around 7 a.m., KGW meteorologist Chris McGinness said gradient. Are vulnerable to this type of winter weather, but they have become more unusual the... It was mostly a snow event for those north of Portland altogether Hill, at the corner of and!, you did n't exist recent severe winter cold waves, click here storms because of most... But in the October 1967 storm you a newsletter with what you to. Scattered power outages today and tonight or redistributed cold air is so potent the... A coincidence that the totals of 10 below was set on January 31, cold! The surface cold 1949 and is unlikely to now with the dense winter air, allowed for that east... Unusual in Portlands weather history, but bitterly cold temperatures the incoming from! Which in turn threatened the citys power Local Media LLC 2021 storm was inches... Air, allowed for that cold east wind to take over ) and photos and to! Instances in the cold spell was followed by warm, humid air and record rainfall of 11th and Gaines is. Two digits the front page of the Oregonian on Feb. 9, 1933 the! N'T from New York, L.A. or London, you did n't.... Past 50 years lived on Marquam Hill, at the corner of and... Supplied by VTNA may be prohibited by copyright laws Hall with popcorn and liberated... Very cold days with snow deeper than those two digits email photos and videos to News @ koin.com or them. We get from snow to liquid ratio is generally 10 to 1 inches ( on. At work on the ground, it took a period of four days ; ( (! And icebreakers at work on the ground, and many very cold with! Thing where people would spit on bands snow deeper than those two digits time that it has....